What are the Symptoms Of Membranous Nephropathy?

　　Membranous nephropathy often occurs to patients that are above their 40s and there are more male patients than female patients. Most patients have typical symptoms of nephrotic syndrome---swelling, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia. Some patients can only have proteinuria.
　　Proteinuria. Daily protein leakage in membranous nephropathy patients has great fluctuation and this may be related with their protein intake, body posture and activity level.
　　Membranous nephropathy is usually dormant and some patients find that they have proteinuria in physical examinations. If the onset is sudden especially in case of renal tubular dysfunction, it is necessary to check weather there is any infections, renal toxicity drugs or toxins.
　　The severity and duration of proteinuria is closely related to the prognosis of membranous nephropathy. Patients with massive proteinuria should limit daily protein intake within 0.8g/kg and at the same time have adequate calory supply.
　　Hematuria. About half membranous nephropathy patients will have microscopic hematuria. However it is not typical sign of MN, therefore it is important to find out the primary causes.
　　High blood pressure. 17%-50% adult patients will have high blood pressure at the onset of the disease. If patients have hypertension or renal dysfunction, the prognosis is poor.
　　The ideal blood pressure for membranous nephropathy patients should be below 125/70. The first drug choice for high blood pressure are ACEI and ARB. Low-salt diets can help relieve water and sodium retention and control high blood pressure.

　　Venous thrombus. Membranous nephropathy patients have 40% higher incidence to develop venous thrombus than other glomerular diseases especially if patients have persistent nephrotic syndrome symptoms. Anti-coagulation is therefore very important.

What causes Muscle Cramps for Nephrotic Syndrome patients?

Nephrotic Syndrome is a kidney problem characterized by lots of protein in urine which can trigger swelling, low protein in blood and high blood lipid. In some cases of Nephrotic Syndrome, patients may also found they are experiencing muscle cramp which affects their life seriously. Here, we will give an introduction about the possible cause for muscle cramp in Nephrotic Syndrome.
　　1. Serious nervous system condition
　　In early stage of Nephrotic Syndrome, no nerve problems are caused. However, with the progression of illness condition, kidney failure will be caused. Kidney failure is an illness condition that may involve all the bod systems, including nerve system. When nerve system is affected seriously, muscle cramp may occur.
　　2. Diuretics
　　Fluid retention is one of the most visible symptom. Excess fluid stay in the space between cells, making patients look fat. In that cases, if no effective treatment is given timely, fluid retention will spread to the whole body and finally pulmonary edema will be caused. Diuretics help our body to discharge excess fluid and they are beneficial for Nephrotic Syndrome patients to remit fluid retention. However, if diuretics are used for a long time, lots of potassium will be discharged out of the body, leading to hypokalemia which can cause muscle cramp directly.
　　3. Low blood volume
　　Low blood volume is another possible cause for muscle cramp in Nephrotic Syndrome. In cases of Nephrotic Syndrome, large amounts of protein are lost from urine, which can cause low blood volume. Besides, Nephrotic Syndrome patients are usually asked to limit fluid intake due to severe fluid retention. Low fluid intake also plays a role in causing low blood volume and causing muscle cramp.
　　4. Dialysis

　　Dialysis is required when Nephrotic Syndrome progresses to kidney failure. And in some cases of Nephrotic Syndrome, muscle cramp may occur as a complication of dialysis.

How to make a good prognosis for IgA Nephropathy patients?

The prognosis of IgA nephropathy is varies from individual to individual, because it is closely related with many factors. Since IgA Nephropathy is changeable, it is very important for us to learn how to make a good prognosis with IgA Nephropathy.
　　In general, IgA Nephropathy is susceptible to the following several factors:
　　1. Symptoms: symptoms of IgA Nephropathy include hematuria (blood urine), proteinuria (protein in urine), high blood pressure and even anemia and so on. Although these symptoms always occur because of decreased kidney function, they in turn worsen kidney condition and accelerate kidney problem. Usually, patients who leave their symptoms alone have a poorer prognosis compared with these who have a good control about their symptoms. Therefore, bringing these symptoms under control is helpful for IgA Nephropathy patients to improve their prognosis.
　　2. Age: relatively speaking, young patients always have a better prognosis than elder IgA Nephropathy patients.
　　3. Diet: A right diet help to slow down the prognosis of IgA Nephropathy, so it means a lot for IgA Nephropathy patients to have an adjustment about their diet on the basis of their illness condition. Usually, IgA Nephropathy patients to have a low-salt diet, low-protein diet, low-fat diet and as well as adequate vitamins. Eat much more vegetables, fruits and high quality protein foods like fish and milk. Also, avoid moldy foods.
　　4. Nursing care: A good nursing is necessary for a good prognosis. Kidney disease relapses easily, and it may reoccur even because of a mild cold. Therefore, it is of great importance to have a good nursing care. Patients need to develop good living habits and avoid staying up, drinking alcohol and smoking. Also, remember to check blood pressure and have physical exercises regularly. All of these will help them improve their physical condition and illness condition.

　　5. Treatment method: in many cases, IgA Nephropathy patients are just prescribed with some oral medications to control their symptoms. It is a must, but it is far from enough for patients to stop the prognosis of IgA Nephropathy. IgA kidney disease progresses because more and more kidney tissues are damaged by inflammation which occurs due to IgA immune complexes in the glomerulus. To avoid further kidney damages, clearing these IgA immune complexes away from the glomerulus is very essential. Besides, IgA immune complexes are formed only when there is abnormal or impaired immune system. Therefore, normalizing patient’s immune system is the key to stop the progression and make a good prognosis for IgA Nephropathy patients.

Can IgA Nephropathy cause Itchy Skin?

Itchy skin is a symptom of IgA nephropathy. Then, how is itchy skin caused by IgA Nephropathy? And what can we do with it?
　　How is itchy skin caused by IgA Nephropathy?
　　Itchy skin is just one of the skin problems for IgA Nephropathy patients. Aside from it, patients also run high risk for yellow skin and dry skin. To be honest, there is no skin problem at all in early stage of IgA Nephropathy and patients begin to experience these terrible symptoms usually when illness condition develops to advanced stage or kidney failure stage.
　　Kidney is a organ that takes charge of excreting toxic substances from the blood. When kidney function is affected due to IgA Nephropathy, these toxic substances will pile up in blood. Skin itching is caused when harmful substances stimulate skin. This is the one of the causes for IgA Nephropathy patients to suffer from skin problem. Actually, apart from it, there are many other factors that can skin problem like overaction of Gley’s glands and high levels of phosphorus in blood and so on. For IgA Nephropathy patients, they may suffer from skin problem due to different factors.
　　What to do with skin problem for IgA Nephropathy patients?
　　Skin problem is bothersome and sometimes, patients have to stay awake all the night as they have to scratch their skin all the time. Since it is terrible to live with itchy skin, it is of great importance for patients to take some measures. For IgA Nephropathy patients, the following measures can be used to remit skin problem:
　　1. Have bath regularly, but remember to avoid having very hot bath.
　　2. Calamine lotion can be used to remit itching feeling, but it only shows temporary effects.
　　3. Avoid high phosphorus foods, as elevated phosphorus level in blood is another causes for IgA Nephropathy patients to experience skin problem.
　　4. Bring blood pressure and blood sugar in normal range, as they can worsen kidney condition and aggravate skin itching.

　　5. Try to improve kidney function. IgA Nephropathy is not curable, but impaired kidney function can be improved to some extent. Funeng therapy can be used to improve kidney condition.

Does Hematuria really mean IgA Nephropathy?

　　Hematuria is the most obvious symptom of IgA Nephropathy and often seen in IgA Nephropathy patients. However, if someone has hematuria, does this mean that people have suffered from IgA nephropathy?
　　Hematuria caused by IgA Nephropathy

If one person is diagnosed with kidney disease, he or she may often have the symptom of hematuria or blood in urine.
　　That is because when you have kidney disease, damages in the glomerular filtration membrane and the red blood cells and other large-molecular substances like protein can pass through the membrane and be released into urine. For this reason, hematuria is caused by your injured kidney function, which we may say hematuria means you have experienced kidney disease.
　　In addition, there are still other causes that lead to hematuria or blood in urine.
　　Other conditions can also cause hematuria, including:
　　1. Bladder infection, also called acute cystitis, which usually causes burning or pain with urination.
　　2. Tumour: renal carcinoma, wilms’ tumour, carcinoma of the bladder, prostate cancer or urethral cancer.
　　3. Vigorous exercise or injury
　　4. Surgery: invasive procedures to the bladder or prostate.
　　5. Haematological: sickle cell disease, coagulation disorders, anticoagulation therapy.
　　6. Toxins: sulphonamides, cyclophosphamide, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

　　From the above, we know that hematuria may be caused by IgA Nephropathy, the injured kidney function. But it does mean all hematuria is caused by kidney disease.